Research
Research summaries
Plain-language summaries of the published trials, body-composition substudies, and meta-analyses that underpin the guidance on this site. Citations are to real journals; clinical interpretation is hedged because the published evidence base on GLP-1 nutrition is still evolving.
App-assisted GLP-1 nutrition: what the evidence supports
Published evidence on app-assisted nutrition in GLP-1 patient populations. The Tay et al. 2025 trial of dietitian-supported app-based intervention. The Weiss et al. 2026 head-to-head app-accuracy validation study. What the evidence does and does not support.
Long-term GLP-1 discontinuation and rebound: what the data show
STEP-1 Extension trial (Wilding et al., 2022) and SURMOUNT-4 (Aronne et al., 2024) are the most-cited evidence for weight regain after GLP-1 receptor agonist discontinuation. Magnitude of regain. Clinical framing of GLP-1 therapy as long-term. Nutritional implications during and after discontinuation.
Protein and resistance training under hypocaloric conditions: meta-analysis summary
The Sardeli et al. 2018 meta-analysis on resistance training during caloric restriction in obese elderly individuals. The broader literature on protein adequacy under hypocaloric conditions. Translation of pre-GLP-1-era findings to GLP-1-era practice.
SURMOUNT trials overview: tirzepatide body-composition findings (2026 summary)
SURMOUNT-1 (Jastreboff 2022, NEJM), SURMOUNT-2 (Garvey 2023, The Lancet), SURMOUNT-3 (Wadden 2023, Nature Medicine), and the body-composition findings from the trial program. Comparable lean-mass-loss proportions to STEP, with larger absolute weight loss.
STEP trials overview: semaglutide body-composition findings (2026 summary)
The STEP trials (STEP-1, STEP-2, STEP-3, STEP-5, STEP-8) established the efficacy of semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly for chronic weight management. This article summarises the key findings with a focus on the body-composition substudy data relevant to lean-mass preservation.